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bugünkü Vatan Gazetesine haber olmuşuz, gazeteden fotografını çekip koydum, macroda iyi çekemiyor ama en azından görüntü oldu..

Kaldırımlara “anamorphose ” tipi resimler yapıyor.

Google’da nistagmus yazalım sonuçlarını görelim dedik. Hafif.org’daki bir başka konu üzerinden yola çıkılarak yazılmış ve kişisel olarak muzdarip olunan durumların anlatıldığı Nistagmus başlıklı yazıyla karşılaştım. Arkadaşın yaşadığı sorunları bizzat yaşıyorum. bu hastalığın getirdiği en büyük sorunlardan biri başkalarına ayaklaşamamanız ve dolayısıyla ilişkilerin kopuk oluşudur. Hastalıkla ilgili bildiğim, bugüne kadar öğrenebildiğim birkaç şeyi paylaşmak isterim. Bu hastalığın bir kaç türü var ve yanında getirdiği birçok yan unsurlar da bulunuyor. Örneğin ben Bilateral ve konjenital nistagmusum ki; hastalığın her iki gözde ve beyindeki göz sinirlerinde meydana gelen kapanmalardan oluştuğunu söylüyorlar. Gözlerim sürekli titriyor ve sabit bir hareket çizmekten aciz aynı zamanda ezotropya denen içe doğru hareket yapıyor. Ayrıca gözlerimde ne demek oldukalrını bilmediğim retinada albinoid ve optik disklerde (merceklerde) hipoplazi varmış. Anlayacağınız … Genelde akraba evliliklerinde görülüyormuş. Bu tür bir illetin götürdükleri çok oluyor. Getirisi yok gibi sonuçta engelli oluyorsunuz ve Askerlikten muafsınız. Olsa ne olacak. Bu illeti başında bulunduranlara Allah’tan sabır diliyorum aynı zamanda bu hallerine dahi şükretmeliler. Daha kötüsünü gördükçe… Eehh işte köy bu kılavuz bu. Görmek isteyene

artık,aynı yüzleri,aynı caddeleri,aynı insanları görmekten.. herşeyi rutinleşmesinsen,akşam eve dönerken ekmek ve tuz almaktan,nesef alamamaktan… yoruldum… sanıyorum bir kaç günlüğüne kaçmak,beynimi nadasa bırakmak iyi gelecek.

Bu konu hakkında birşey bilen var mı?

nihayet çıktılar, geliyorlar …

kendini seçemiyorsun, bırakıp kaçamıyorsun. yazmadığın bir hikayede, uzun ya da kısa vadede, az biraz keşfediyorsun. öteki olabilmeyi, yerine koyabilmeyi, geride durabilmeyi öğreniyorsun..

http://www.ku.edu/carrie/texts/carrie_books/paksoy-7/

COMENTARIO DE LIBRO

Paksoy, H.B., IDENTITIES: How Governed, Who Pays?. Lawrence (KS), Carrie, 2001, 79 pp.

Dan Krejci PhD

H.B. Paksoy spent 18 years of his life letting the creative juices flow in order to come up with a fascinating text that prompts us to ponder the political and historical aspects of identities. This is a manual -written in the classic axiomatic paragraph style of Confucius, Aristotle, and Marcus Aurelius- which provides a sense of direction for discourse and research not only in the field of political science, but also history, sociology, and anthropology. Paksoy effectively uses 13 chapters to convey not only how our identities (we have several) are governed, but also how we pay for these identities. In addition, he successfully demonstrates how these identities affect ‘the way’ we are governed in a society and how we pay for this government. Paksoy is not attempting to provide a general theory of identities or government -even though on the surface it may appear as if he is driving us toward a general theory- rather he is attempting to provide us with subjects, variables, and hypotheses for use in our discourse and research. According to Paksoy[1], “The objective here is to better understand the nature and uses of identity; be that identity [so conceived as having] natural roots or [rather] is a synthetic creation of Thought Employers.” To better understand the concept of identities Paksoy[2] asks the question “is there a set of universal principles governing identity?”. Asking this question makes it appear as if he is positing a general theory, yet what he mostly concentrates on is a collection of previous work that has left us with some good observations, yet these observations have left us with many questions that cry out for further discourse and research. He presents the reader with 13 succinct chapters which present numerous short paragraphs, most of consisting of one sentence, in order to provide a starting point for discourse on the subject of identities. The various subjects of identities that he addresses are varied in their nature and include the following: Uses of Identities, Official Identity, Leavening of Identity, Identity of Governance, Commercial Identity, Interaction of Identities, Corporate Identity, Identity of Belief Systems, Mosaic Identity, Technological and Future Identities, Secret Identities, and Observations. The reader will quickly pick up on the works of Confucius (Paksoy’s reference to the importance of rituals), Adam Smith (discussion of Mercantilism), Luther, Spinoza, Wyclif, and the list goes on. Even though this may appear as nothing more than regurgitation, Paksoy takes these various works and correlates them into a creative piece on identities. Arthur Koestler[3] noted that one of the most important aspects of creativity is the ability to transfer and transform ideas from various domains into something new. Koestler[4] referred to this as bisociation. Paksoy has done an excellent job of correlating various ideas in order to come up with some interesting concepts of how our various identities are governed and how these identities affect how we are governed. The payment for these identities is borne by individuals and society. In the end, Paksoy provides us with interesting fodder for discussion in both of these arenas. What follows is a brief discussion of those chapters. Chapter 1 basically sets up the questions that the book addresses; yet, the text mysteriously leaves partially unanswered -which I sincerely believe is the author’s intent. That is the genius of his work; he wants us to add, through discourse and research, what is missing. As a prime example, in Chapter 8 -Corporate Identity- he provides ample discussion of mercantilism and its effect on corporate identity but neglects any discussion of free-enterprise capitalism, socialism, or welfare-state capitalism. Chapter 2, Uses of Identity, Paksoy denotes the interesting point that identity can easily be equated to culture, yet this is only one aspect of identity. Chapter 3, Official Identity, is brought about through the use of myths, folklore (a type of myth) as well as belief systems and shared values (once again -culture), however not much emphasis is placed on why myths are so important. Chapter 4, Leavening of Identity, takes a look at the identities in general and notes that not only are myths important to official identities, but myths are important to identities in general. What is even more important is the role that education plays in the perpetuation of the origin myth. Chapters 5, 6, 8 (previously mentioned), 11, and 12 discuss specific types of identities. Chapter 5 presents a discussion on the Identity of Governance. In this chapter’s review of the identity of governance, Paksoy indicates the importance of language (shades of Wittgenstein) in establishing governance identities. He further notes that how we choose to govern our society is all part of creating an identity for that society. Chapter 6, Commercial Identity, discusses the ramifications of trade wars and that resources are at the heart of what countries do or fail to do. Resources, particularly the scarcity of resources, are at the heart of most wars. Chapter 11 deals with what affects our future identities -technology. I would note that technology affects identities in the present as well as future tense. In this chapter, he makes an interesting observation that the advent of the fireplace is a factor that weakened the relationship between a king and his nobles. Since fireplaces could be constructed in many different rooms, this allowed for separate sleeping arrangements, which, in turn, decreased the “intimate contact” between a king and his nobles[5]. This decrease in intimate contact led to a decrease in the noble’s loyalty to the king. Chapter 12, Secret Identities, notes how and why we are persuaded to adopt secret identities. One reason that we adopt secret identities is because we want to escape the rules that govern our identities in the society in which we live. In addition, Paksoy notes that these secret identities do not remain secret for very long (we have a hard time keeping secrets). The remaining chapters deal with other factors that affect identities in society. Chapter 7 discusses how identities react both to internal and external factors. The most interesting chapter from the viewpoint of this reviewer is Chapter 9, Identity of Belief Systems. In this chapter, Paksoy’s notes that belief systems serve the purpose of instructing unfathomable subjects to the uninitiated, which would almost seem to be an impossible task. I note this simply because if something is unfathomable and the uninitiated are probably they way they are ‘uninitiated’ because they lack the education in order to comprehend; therefore, this seems to beg the question: how would they (the uninitiated) know that the belief system is fulfilling its purpose by providing correct information on the unfathomable. This, of course is probably what Paksoy wants us to discuss. Just because a belief system states that it is providing answers to the unfathomable does that mean we should take the word of those pontificating the belief system and act just like sheep being led to the proverbial slaughterhouse? Chapter 10, Mosaic Identities, notes how societies may have a diversity of identities but this diversification will not be considered a mosaic identity until, according to Paksoy[6], “the collective population of the sub-groups within a dominant identity grows approximately equal to that of the main identity, a mosaic identity is invariably developed.” Finally, in Chapter 13 Paksoy leaves us with his observations on identities and systems of governance. As with all works in academia, Paksoy has some strong and weak points. The political scientist or historian who takes up this work in hope of finding a general theory or set of specifically addressed hypotheses will be somewhat disappointed. This, of course, was not the apparent intent of the author. What this book does well is provide us with topics of discourse and research questions, and there is the beauty of his work. I have found that the most important aspect of academic studies is not the answers we attempt to find; rather the beauty of academic work is developing the well-worded question. From Paksoy’s work, we are able to do just that -develop the well-worded question. Notes [1] Paksoy, H.B., How Governed, Who Pays?. Lawrence (KS), Carrie, 2001, 4. [2] Ibid. [3] Koestler, A., The Act of Creation. London, 1964. [4] Ibid. [5] Paksoy, H.B., How Governed…, op. cit., 68. [6] Ibid, 54.

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